Business Combinations Strategy

Question: Discuss about the Business Combinations Strategy. Answer: Introduction: Business combinations refer to the strategy by which business intend to expand in its size and operations and as a results, acquires dominance over the working of another business firm. When one business unit merges or acquires another business unit, it is referred to as a business combination. It requires identifying the acquirer and then finalization of the appropriate acquisition date and ends with the recognition and valuation of the assets or liabilities taken over. The entire process of business combination must be in accordance with the applicable Australian Accounting standards. Description- Business Combinations: Business combination is the mechanism which an organization uses to expand its asset and capital base and effect a significant increase in its business operations and capture a larger market stake. It is a re-organization of the entity and its assets structure. Such re-organization can either be internal or external in nature. Some of the widely used forms include amalgamation, holding subsidiary relationships or demerger. Business combination can be mindfully ensure the entitys growth and increased business operations and hence, facilitates higher revenues and profits, in the long run. Such increased profits are directly proportional to greater dividends to shareholders and better shareholder satisfaction. According to AASB 10, business combination refers to a transaction or other event in which an acquirer obtains control of one or more businesses. Assets transferred other than by way of transfer of the entire business shall not be termed as business combination. Rather, such a transaction would be called a separate transaction, which does not arise as a result of the transfer of business. A business basically is a value added process, under which all the inputs are combined and then processes are being carried out, which convert those inputs into the final outputs, thereby facilitating them for feasible selling and distribution. Generally, businesses dealing in the same product lines or having simil ar product distribution channels engage themselves into business combination, so as to eliminate competition and extend its business operations. Due to the increased volume post- combination, the entities also benefit themselves from economies of scale. After the business is acquired by another entity, the acquirer shall, form the date of such acquisition be required to prepare the consolidated financial statements, along with its standalone financial statements. The acquirer company is not liable to prepare consolidated financial statements for the period prior to the amalgamation/ reconstruction. Business combinations are also referred to as the schemes of mergers and acquisitions, in which one company merges with the other, either in the form of amalgamation; or one company acquires the other, which is known as having a holding- subsidiary relationship or having an associate member. The acquisition of the assets can either be an asset combination or a business combination, on a whole, i.e. if the assets form part of a business, then it would be called as business combination (Financial Accounting Standards Board of the financial accounting foundation, 2007). In other words, business combination means bringing together of two or more distinct entities or organizations and merge them into one single entity. AASB 3 does not apply to business organizations which engage themselves in combinations in the formation of joint venture. Discussion- importance of identifying the acquirer: Recognizing a business combination begins with the identification of the acquirer followed by determination of the acquisition date and measurement of the assets and liabilities to be taken over. Business combination involves two or more entities, in which one entity acquires the business of the other entity/ entities. Acquisition of the business involves acquisition of all the assets and liabilities of the firm. In such a case, the entity which acquires the business and gains control over other entities shall be referred to as the acquirer company. Acquired company shall be the one which transfer its assets and liabilities to the other company, in exchange of a pre- determined consideration. Guidance note to AASB 127 Consolidated and separate financial statements govern the preparation and method of maintaining books and accounts of the combined entity. It prescribes that both the standalone and combined revenue statements should be prepared. It is important to beforehand identify the acquirer entity because the consideration which the acquirer company has to pay to the acquire must be certain and pre determined. Also, consolidated financial statements need to be prepared by the acquirer company post acquisition date. Since the domination lies with that company, it shall control all other entities amalgamated with it. And the old/ existing company must timely determine whether the acquiring company is capable of governing all the operating and financial policies of the business which it acquires. Also, identification of the acquirer is important so as to determine the size of the entities being transferred, the relative voting rights of the acquiring company in the new combined company. An analysis of the governing body of the acquirer must be made so as to determine the composition of the senior management and persons holding key managerial positions in the company. Also, it is important for the entities to discuss and s tate in written the terms and conditions of such exchange and transfer of assets, and for this, identification of the acquirer is a must. The acquirer entity shall be deemed responsible for adhering to all the governmental, operational and legal regulations and hence, it is the topmost priority of the entity to gain information and knowledge about the acquire entity. Before effecting a business combination, the entity should very well judge the capability and potential of the acquirer, so that the business reputation earned over the years, does not get negatively affected. Acquirer can be identifying by analyzing the direction in which the consideration is transferred. For example, A company, ABC Ltd. Transfers its assets and liabilities to XYZ Ltd.in return of a consideration, which is paid by XYZ Ltd., then the entity which pays consideration in the form of cash or shares is the acquirer. But, if the equity shares held by ABC Ltd. are transferred to XYZ Ltd and ABC Ltd receives some sort of consideration from XYZ Ltd for those shares, even then, the acquires shall be the final acquirer party, in this case, the acquirer shall be the equity shares issuing company and not XYZ Ltd. consideration is always paid for something in return. In case of a business combination, the consideration is paid in exchange of the assets transferred to the acquirer. Hence, the direction of the flow of consideration from one entity to another determines who the acquirer is. In other words, an acquirer can be identified as the entity whose management holds dominance over the other entities after a business combination takes place. In a business combination, one entity obtains control over the other. This implies that when an entity acquires control over another entity for the first time, it shall be referred to as business combination. However, if the acquirer company acquires more shares of the company post business combination, it shall only mean an increase in the percentage of control over the other company and not a separate business combination. The acquirer of the business combination is identified using the guidelines given in paragraphs B 14-B18 o AASB-3 and the guidance note of IFRS 10Consolidated financial statements. In other words, determination of the acquirer requires judgment. The acquirer is normally the firm hat disburses cash in exchange of the assets acquired from another firm. As compared to the firm size, acquirer is normally the company which has a relatively greater size of assets and greater net worth than the other firm. Comments- recognition of assets and liabilities: Recognition of assets acquired and the assumed liabilities take place only if both the assets and liabilities satisfy the criteria given in the definitions of assets and liabilities, as given by the International Accounting Standard Board. AASB 3 also specifies that only those assets and liabilities shall be recognized which have been acquired or assumed as a result of any business combination. Any assets or liabilities acquired otherwise, i.e. by any separate transactions, shall not be recognized by the acquirer company. In such a case of business combination, the accounting standards and procedures followed by the acquirer and the acquired company may differ. And hence, the recognition of such assets and liabilities shall also differ between two different entities. The acquirers application of the recognition principle and that of the other firm may differentiate and it is quite reasonable that the acquirer company, post-combination acquires and recognizes certain assets acquired o r liabilities assumed, that have not been duly recognized by the acquired company. Some of the examples supporting the statement are listed below: The acquirer entity in the business combination may recognize the identifiable brand name of the acquired company an asset, whereas, the acquired company does not recognize such brand name as an asset pre business combination (Castedello and Klingbeil, 2009). This difference in the recognition of brand name arises only because of a difference in the revenue recognition principles and the International financial reporting system followed by the entities. Hence, the manner and the accounting policies followed by both the entities in recording and recognizing brand name as an asset may vary. Similarly, the acquirer entity may recognize certain identifiable intangible assets like patents, customer relationships, etc. as an asset in its financial statements, but the pre combination acquired company doesnt record the same as the entity considered that these were internally generated and does not qualify to be an asset as per the Australian accounting standards. The pre acquired company may consider it as an item of revenue and expenditure and deal accordingly. These intangible assets like patents and customer relationships include the customer detailed book, the contact and sales details and these are also sometimes referred to as defensive and identifiable intangible assets. In a business company, one entity may obtain certain defensive intangible assets from the other entity which it does not intend to use in its business operations, but, hold them to gain a competitive advantage. Also, the recognition principle of certain contingent items may vary from entity to entity. The acquirer may record all the past generated future contingent liabilities, which the acquired company does not recognize prior to the combination. A difference in the recognition concepts does not judge the business combination to be legally valid or invalid. It varies from entity to entity. Also, the value at which the assets are recognized by the acquirer and the acquired company may vary, as the acquirer records all its assets acquired and liabilities assumed, other than goodwill, at the fair values as existing on the date the business acquisition or combination takes place. There may also be differences in the method of depreciation being charged on the fixed assets, the recording of deferred tax expenses, items relating to prior period, etc. Furthermore, the entities may follow different basis of accounting, i.e. accrual basis or cash basis. This would again change the recognition of the assets and liabilities acquired during the business combination. Conclusion From the above attached report, we can conclude that whenever one business firm acquires the business of another firm, including all its assets and liabilities, then, it is referred to as a business combination. Business combination basically starts with identification of the acquirer, followed by the selection of the acquisition date, and ending with the recognition of the assets and liabilities acquired in the business combination. Each of these steps has a specific significance, on its own. Also, in business combinations, the value at which the assets and liabilities are recognized by the acquirer company has a great significance. The firm needs to follow the Australian Accounting Standards for the recognition and valuation of various assets and liabilities of the firm. References: Dagwel, R., Wines, G. and Lambert, C. (2012). Corporate accounting in Australia, China: Pearson Australia. Financial Accounting Standards Board of the financial accounting foundation (2007) Statement of financial accounting standards no. 141,Norwalk: Financial accounting foundation. Miller, B.W.Paul, Bahnson, R. Paul (2008) A new day for business combinations, Journal of accountancy, June. Willens, R. (2008) Does it matter which company is the acquirer?, Banking Capital markets. Dodyk, L., Dolson, M., Weinberger, R., Bennett, E. and Psciotta, C. (2014). Business combinations and non-controlling interests. Global edition, Pwc. Porter, B. (2004) Business combinations: insights for Australian entities, Deloitte discussion paper. Castedello, M. Klingbeil, C. (2009) Intangible assets and goodwill in the context of business combinations, Munich: KPMG. Intangible assets in business combination (2008), Grant Thonton. Roger Hussey(2010) Business Combinations and Consolidated Financial Statements, Fundamentals of International Financial Accounting and Reporting, pp. 225-252. Yujiro Okura(2009) A Study of Goodwill and Intangible Fixed Asset on Business Combination, MA for Value Creation in Japan: pp. 17-33. Board, A.S. (2002) IASB proposals on business combinations, impairment and intangible assets/ accounting standards board. Surrey: Accounting Standards Board. Beyersdorff, M. (2014) International GAAP 2014:Generally accepted accounting principles under international financial reporting standards. 9th edn. United States: K=John Wiley Sons. Subcommittee in education and practice of the committee on insurance accounting (2008) Business combinations under international financial reporting standards, International Actuarial Association.

The Nuiances of Essay Samples on the American Dream

The Nuiances of Essay Samples on the American Dream All About Essay Samples on the American Dream It's obvious that the dream hasn't been actualized since the projected objectives haven't been achieved. You really just don't know the best places to get started. Basically, it's all about assisting people to shape their destiny. Understanding Essay Samples on the American Dream Even much better is the circumstance whereby the amazing story is all about an outstanding ideal that's held dear amongst a larger portion of the general public. The idea of new and old money is hard for the typical modern reader to comprehend. As time passes the movement can turn into a revolution, resulting in evolution and international change for the advantage of everyone. Each American can offer their special solution to this question, but there's an underlying component of succeeding and prosperity. Generally speaking, it's the belief that the American dream is an enabling atmosphere full of ch ances for the advancement of each man or woman and the whole community also. The American dream may also be achieved through other means aside from attaining education. Anyhow, there's a familiar comprehension of the notion of the American Dream. The American culture is one which embraces the idea of success and working towards full potential. Some can argue that the dream is alive due to the hard working citizens which are still out there. For instance, the quest for prosperity has resulted in growth of gambling in cities like Las Vegas. As a consequence, many have been in a position to create a living and maybe even wealth for themselves from home. Everyone has different jobs which may control how successful they are, or would like to be. Generally, the American dream can be described as a cultural part of the American society that serves as a unifying component for the Americans. A single person or a little group doesn't create the notion of succeeding, but it's made b y our whole society. In the lack of a cure for eradicating evil, the smartest choice is just one of managing the issue. The Nuiances of Essay Samples on the American Dream What's more, Gatsby tries very difficult to have visible indications of his prosperity. Since the start, people have come to America from all around the world seeking religious and individual freedoms, in addition to independence, equality, opportunity and prosperity. American dream has an important part in defining the legitimate meaning of freedom, equality and liberty. The American Dream can be something different to each citizen in the usa. The One Thing to Do for Essay Samples on the American Dream For the American dream to be achieved, overall, there has to be a radical revolution to modify the American value system. The essential thing is to never quit dreaming! Learn how to tap into your inner power source to attain anything you would like in life. The place to look is in your heart. A race t o find out who can purchase the fastest car, biggest house, or the most recent designer clothes. For instance, if part of someone's American dream is to also come to be a singer there are lots of singing competitions that give one the chance to achieve it. Even if you're in need of a new dream, we're here to supply a hand. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. The Little-Known Secrets to Essay Samples on the American Dream The American dream is something which most individuals wish to attain, however, there are a few who argue and say that it's not achievable for most people. There's a dire need for folks to modify their mind set to be able to value the treasures that have currently become scarce and don't reflect dignity anymore. There is just a single thing that has power completely, and that's love. Also, it's not necessary to follow along with the path of your parents. A dream usually mean s a joyful ending and a joyful outcome. By looking at America today, the most powerful nation in the world, it has literally become a reality. The American dream grew from specific characteristics of the American history. Attaining American dream demands a career which is to be achieved amidst struggle. The American dream something that everybody aspires for, even supposing it is not easy to accomplish. Anyway, today the entire world attempts to live by identical rules, so it's not just an American dream, but the worldwide dream of equality and the very same opportunities at its finest. The attractiveness of the whole idea is it guarantees nothing apart from hope. The reality is it has never been easy to decide what reality is. 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Interesting Research Paper Topics About Music

Interesting Research Paper Topics About MusicThere are lots of interesting research paper topics about music out there, but it's hard to know where to start. It doesn't matter if you are a musician or a non-musician, you can always use this guide. You may be wondering how that happened? Actually, you can thank the Internet for this.First of all, let me explain what interesting research paper topics about music are. These are topics you can use in your music project. While research papers are different, it is not really uncommon to use these topics. However, this is something you can use to get ideas for your paper.One of the best things about researching these topics is that you will be able to use these in your research paper. This is because they are actually very common. You might have already heard these ideas before, but you might not know how to approach them and put them into your own words. For example, this is how you describe your melody.For example, you might say something like 'The octave harmony of my melody fits perfectly with the major scale'This particular melody comes from a warm up for the chord in A.' This is how you need to begin when thinking about the title of your paper. The title is all you will have to write about for the entire paper.The next thing you can do is write about the cool melody that you are going to use in your paper. Sometimes you will write about something along the lines of how it is a 'funkier' version of what you have done before. Other times, you will simply state that it is a new kind of melody that you are creating.Another thing youwill need to do is write the right words in order to describe what you are doing. If you think about the melodies mentioned above, you should understand how important this is. If you do not know how to do this, then you should seek assistance from a teacher.Now you should know that there are lots of interesting research paper topics about music out there. You should use these topics as in spiration when you are writing your paper. In fact, if you are not using the topics you are provided to help with inspiration, then you should consider getting some guidance.You should make sure you are writing your paper with the main goal of writing something about what you have learned. If you do not do this, then you might end up in an endless loop of what you have learned over again. Research papers are only as good as the information they contain. This is why it is important to use topics that you are familiar with when you write your research paper.

Essay Outline College Exposed

Essay Outline College Exposed The Honest to Goodness Truth on Essay Outline College Such a paragraph might incorporate a concise overview of the ideas to be discussed in body of the paper in addition to other information related to your paper's argument. Introduction essay paragraphs are central in any bit of writing for the reason they give readers advance details about the content and the intention behind the material. An outline will also provide you with the chance of analyzing what you need to go over so as to think of the most suitable content for the essay. It helps to determine the way a student will build other important sections such as Literature Review. You could also see course outline. You might also see presentation outline. A college essay outline is a simple guide to follow so the structure of the paper is logical. Both outline and appropriate content are important in order to have a good essay. Finding out how to compose a thorough outline for a research paper is a more elaborate practice. You might also see program outline. Making an APA outline is the very first issue to do in developing a structure on what is going to be written in the paper and the way it's written. Vital Pieces of Essay Outline College Essays are your very best friend. Making an essay isn't an easy job. If you would like to write your very best essay paper, regardless of what type it would be, you ought to know how to cope with some normal essay outline. Informative essay examples may be used for references. Outlining an essay is likely to make a writing process much simpler for you. An argumentative essay is a sort of essay that presents either side of the topic that you're exploring. In any case, the success of an argumentative essay also is contingent on the evidence you pick. The kinds of the essays count on the purpose they are being written for. When it requires a multitude of approaches to explore, it's important to learn how to organize it properly in a bid to ensure easy reading. Besides, don't forget that the secret to a prosperous argumentative essay is in finding appropriate evidence to strengthen your opinion. The Advantages of Essay Outline College When applying for jobs, additionally, it looks far more prestigious when it's shown that one attended a universi ty as an alternative to a community college. Introduction College education is 1 area that lots of individuals in the USA of America have invested and continue to put money into. To numerous students, a college essay is not the same breed. In college, you're going to be writing essays in a vast majority of your classes. The True Meaning of Essay Outline College You will remain in a position to remember which things you should mention in your essay and the way to make transitions between arguments. A cause and effect essay is the kind of paper that the writer is using to analyze the causes and effects of a certain action or event. In such cases, it's highly recommended that you go for a topic or form a claim that you may easily defend in the essay. When choosing for a topic, make certain there is an amazing quantity of things that you are able to chat about with the topic. Utilizing an essay outline makes it possible to organize your thoughts in order to don't make that mis take. Outlines save you time and offer peace of mind in regards to writing papers. Map out what you're likely to write by producing an outline. Facts, Fiction and Essay Outline College Essays may look very dull sometimes. Moreover, narrative essays are the most often encountered essays, which likewise tell a story. A persuasive essay is like an argumentative essay. An argumentative essay is among the many academic essay types. Bear in mind, exactly like in different forms of essays, thorough research is extremely relevant here, too. In your essays, you may use various approaches. A superior reflective essay may be excellent reflective essay with the appropriate planning.

Sample Essay Questions and Placement Test

Sample Essay Questions and Placement TestSample essay question and placement test is a form that you can use to prepare yourself for the essay portion of the admissions process. This essay, and placement test will help you find out what your potential schools expect from you when it comes to their admissions requirements.Writing an essay is difficult, especially if you're not an expert on the topic. This is why you should take the time to familiarize yourself with the essay test and sample essay questions. It will save you a lot of time in the long run.The test is divided into two parts - the practical essay and analytical essay. The practical test analyzes a short piece of literature or writing in various formats. The analytical test is different from the practical test in that it will ask you to assess the validity of information within a particular area of study, which could include the topic area of your major, or another academic discipline.When you have completed your test, you should spend some time evaluating your grade. Each section is graded on a scale of A through F. Be sure to be familiar with the ranges in order to ensure that you have done a good job in each section. You want to understand how your score matches up with the grades given in different sections of the test.Don't be afraid to ask questions. You can get answers from an advisor or get them by emailing the test itself. At the end of the test, you'll have all of the information you need to fill out your application. You won't be able to use the information you've already gathered from the test to make any decisions about admission, but it will certainly help you get a clearer picture of what it takes to be a great essay writer.When taking the test, you should also keep a couple of things in mind. First, that your essay is not nearly as difficult as it seems. While it does take a bit of skill to put together a convincing essay, and there are certainly more aspects involved than simply writ ing a simple paragraph or two, it's not nearly as difficult as it sounds. Just use the tips above and you'll be well on your way to writing an essay that's both impressive and successful.The second thing to keep in mind is that your essays will often vary based on the topic of your test. If you're interested in writing about modern art, then the type of essay may be about art history. There are several sample essay questions that take on a wide variety of topics. You may even find yourself trying to use one of the essay topics from your test to help you write an essay for your entire program.The truth is that taking the test does not have to be intimidating or confusing. With a little bit of practice, and by using the tips outlined above, you can easily ace the essay portion of the test and get the admissions officers to notice you.

THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT free essay sample

A large number of interrelated waste management tasks and their high complexity require a systematic approach to sweepings management. Waste management essay is an integral part of the overall stewardship system. The structure, responsibilities, practices, procedures, and processes should be coordinated with work in other areas, for example, in production and economic activities, in the field of public health, etc. Ending the waste management essay introduction, it is necessary to say that this structure alone can not exist, therefore, it should be included in the environmental stewardship system.Stages of the Amplification of a Sweepings Management System in the Second Half of the 20th Century Disposal of waste in small landfills; The end of the 70s: construction of landfills engineering structures with wastewater filtrate purification systems and biogas utilization; 80-is. amplification of a separate collection system for SHW, amplification of the secondary market; 90-is. Processing of solid sweepings with the separation of organic component and its subsequent composting. We will write a custom essay sample on THE SHORT ESSAY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The current scheme of waste processing is the sorting of sweepings to remove secondary raw materials, separation of the organic part for composting and solid fractions to be burned or buried. The New Approach to Waste Management The main promise of any speech on waste management is in the fact that the transition from the landfilling of the entire mass of solid domestic sweepings to industrial processing to 50-60% of its weight is the main trend in solving the problem of waste in world practice. It should be understood that the practical solution of industrial sweepings processing is associated with large capital investments, so the construction of industrial waste processing facilities is rather slow.Waste stewardship begins with a change in the look at what household sweepings are. A well-known expert on the waste problem, Paul Connett, has a formulation expressing this new view: Rubbish is not a substance, but the art of mixing together different useful things and objects, thereby determining their place in a landfill.Traditional approaches to the sweepings problem focused on reducing the hazardous impact on the environment by isolating the landfill from groundwater, cleaning emissions from incineration p lants, etc. The basis of the concept of waste management is that the sweepings consist of various components that must not mix with each other, but be disposed of separately from each other in the most economical and environmentally acceptable ways.The system assumes that in addition to traditional methods, waste reduction, recycling and composting (reduce reuse recycle approach) should become an integral part of sweepings management. It is assumed that the combination of several mutually complementary programs and activities, rather than one technology, even the most modern one, can contribute to an effective solution of the waste problem.For each specific region, it is necessary to choose a certain combination of approaches that take into account local experience and local resources. The plan of measures in the sweepings stewardship system is based on the study of the flows of waste generated in different industries (including households), the evaluation of available options, and includes the implementation of small pilot projects that allow gathering information and gaining experience. At present, sweepings management is regulated by separate provisions of laws, regulations, and rules in the field of environmental protection and waste management. A lot of useful information can also be found in the scientific essay on waste disposal. The modern structure of the system of environmental law combines legal regulation of nature stewardship for facilities with functional regulation of environmental protection and environmental safety.Thus, the use of a set of different methods for processing sweepings, focused on regional and sectoral applications, is a waste management system. It should be built in the form of a hierarchical structure in which priority is given to methods that reduce the generation of sweepings , their reuse, and recycling, thereby reducing the volume of waste to be buried or destroyed. Waste Management System Hierarchy The hierarchy begins with the diminution of sweepings at the source. This implies a diminution in the total amount of waste and a decrease in their toxicity and other harmful properties. The diminution of sweepings is achieved by reorienting producers and consumers to products and packaging, resulting in less waste. The next level is recycling. This makes it possible to make full use of materials and reduce the amount of sweepings generated, and also significantly reduce the amount of waste that is consumed in landfills or incineration plants. The third level of recuperation is the processing of materials, including composting of organic matter, melting glass, metal, plastic and other forms of recuperation of useful materials, preventing their disposal. At the same time, recycling is the return of sweepings to the same technological process that led to their formation, and the recuperation is the use of waste after processing, or without it, in other technological processes or to generate energy. The fourth level is the extraction of energy. Incineration reduces the amount of sweepings that enters landfills and can be used to generate electricity. Modern incineration plants are equipped with emission cleaning systems, power generators used in combination with other methods. The fifth level is a burial on polygons. This remains necessary for wastes that are not recyclable, fireproof or combustible with the release of toxic substances. Modern sanitary polygons that meet environmental requirements do not closely resemble the landfills that are familiar to everyone: they are the most complicated engineering structures equipped with water and air pollution control systems that use methane generated during the rotting process to produce heat and electricity. The use of various combinations of recyclization, processing, composting and diminution of sweepings volumes leads to the most efficient functioning of the system and, ultimately, to a diminution in the amount of waste generated. At the same time, the sweepings stewardship structure should be organized in such a way that it has the opportunity to adapt to changing conditions in the economic and technological sphere, that is, to develop and improve as the approaches to management and methods of processing materials change. Elements of flexibility, mobility, and consistency that ensure the amplification of a waste stewardship system based on the results and experience of previous stages of its amplification and operation represent the conditions for its self-development.The concept of creating a sweepings   management system provides for the amplification of a set of related organizational, managerial, legal, regulatory, technical, and economic tools for sweepings management, waste m onitoring, and the implementation of promising scientific developments aimed both at improving the technical level of sweepings processing and on the creation and implementation of low-sweepings   technologies. One of the main directions in this area is the improvement of information support and training of specialists in sweepings management. Objects and Management Methods in the Waste Stewardship System When developing a system of state (and regional) sweepings management, one should proceed from the fact that management objects are all sources of sweepings   generation and their consumers and the controlled impact must be carried out in three strategic areas: creation of conditions for reducing the amount of waste; maintenance of growth of volumes of use of sweepings; creation of ecologically safe conditions of storage and a burial place of a waste. In a market economy, priority should be given to legal, regulatory and economic methods of management, that is, it is possible to use both economic incentive methods and economic impact methods. However, at present, sweepings producers do not bear the full economic and social burden of their destruction, shifting it to society. Therefore, the sweepings producer must compensate for the full social cost of handling waste. Main Principles of Waste Management Systems The basic principles of economic regulation in the field of sweepings stewardship are the following. Reducing the amount of sweepings through the introduction of low- and non-sweepings technologies and the involvement in the economic circulation of waste generated during the production process. However, the recycling of certain types of sweepings is economically unprofitable for one enterprise, since it requires certain efforts to collect and store special technologies and production facilities for their processing. Waste disposal costs. The payment for sweepings disposal is a form of compensation for damage to the environment. Funds are accumulated in the accounts of environmental funds and are used to finance environmental activities. Economic stimulation of activities in the field of sweepings management. The main levers of economic incentives should be tax and credit benefits to those users of natural resources who implement measures for resource saving and transition to clean production.

Greco

Greco Introduction The Greco-Roman world can be defined as the geographical area around the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. It is referred to as Greco-Roman because of the language, culture, religion and government influence of the Greeks and Romans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Greco-Roman World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sexual attraction between people, erotic experiences, and responses are all forms of human sexuality. Human sexuality affects the culture, philosophy and politics of a society. Religion, morals and ethics in any society influence human sexuality. All these factors and the social norms influenced sexuality in Greco-Roman world. Greco-Roman Sexuality In Greco-Roman world sexuality had an impact on individuals, government and public institutions. An individuals social rank set by a government official, determined his/her sexual activity. Therefore, sexual misbehavior in Greco-Roman world was p unishable by law. Michel Foucault (1988), a sexuality theorist, thought that sex was governed by restraint and the art of managing sexual pleasure (p.239). A male person in the Roman society should be a leader and strong to protect himself and the weak ones in society. The male also had to govern his sexuality. The man in Greco-Roman world was strong and had a strong will power while the woman had to be humble, beautiful, with self control. The differences in social ranks affected the spread of knowledge in sexuality among men and women of Greco-Roman world. Upper class women were the only ones who got education opportunities because of the demands of society. The education helped them to maintain the standard of their families and improve their social character. On the other hand, the men had the opportunity to be sexually informed through education. The people from the lower ranks in society expressed their ideas about sexuality through art. However, the rich or upper class people dictated the artists on what to draw, or design because they were the only ones who could afford to buy the art pieces. The Greek-Roman culture and religion viewed sexuality as a means to prosperity and growth. They used practices such as religious beliefs and magic to improve their sexual capabilities. Erotic experiences were extremely essential to the ancient Greeks, hence, they had to improve their performance by any means possible (Foucault 157).Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the Greco-Roman world, prostitution was acceptable. Men could use prostitutes for their sexual pleasure in exchange for money or special gifts and favors. There was public practice of prostitution without any interference from the state. The availability of slaves, male and female prostitutes made prostitution grow rapidly in Greek and Roman societies. The visual art materials made by the lowe r class people mainly had pornographic themes. The rich would buy these pornographic pictures and paintings to add them to their art collections which would be displayed in their living rooms. Therefore, the Greco-Roman world widely used pornography (Dover 6). Same sex relations in Greco-Roman world Ancient Greek society regarded the same sex attraction as a natural occurrence. Adult males would be sexually attracted to younger boys as long as they were not of Greek or Roman descent. There was no clear distinction in the sexual orientation of an individual in the Greco-Roman world. They practiced both homosexuality and heterosexuality freely. An example of the same sex relationship in ancient Greece is between Achilles and Patroclus, although, it is unknown who the active or passive partner in the relationship was. In male to male sexual relations, the Roman or Greek citizen would take the active role (penetration) in the relationship. A man had the right to enjoy sex with any male or female inferior to his social class, but he would not violate the rights of other men of the same social class. Ancient Greece commonly practiced the same sex relations more than Roman society. The Romans borrowed the practice of the same sex relations from the Greeks. Pederasty or Greek love developed from the formation of age groups among the tribal communities. A young man would be assigned to an older man who would teach him to be a responsible adult. In the process of educating the young man, they also shared sexual relations with them (Dover 5).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Greco-Roman World specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sexual activities in ancient Greek would be distinguished by the roles of the participants, i.e. active and passive roles. The active partner would be the penetrator while the passive partner would be the penetrated spouse. Active partner had to be of a high social class, manly and ol der preferably with a beard; on the other hand, the passive partner would be a youth of a lower social class. The role of the penetrator was to educate, protect and provide while the penetrated spouse gave his youth and beauty. Pederasty relationships in ancient Greece would be governed by age; a man would not court a boy younger than 12 years. The right age for a young man to be in a same sex relationship was about 17 years. This relationship lasted until the young man had grown body hair, which qualified him to adulthood. Comparison The needs and behavior of the participants distinguish sexual orientation in modern sexuality. It is classified into homosexuality, heterosexuality and bisexuality. In homosexuality, the participant prefers the same sex relations regardless of social status. The partners have the same roles in the relationship unlike in ancient Greece where roles would be defined by social status. Modern homosexuals believe that preference of the same sex relation is i nborn or a medical condition that cannot be reversed. Sexual orientation cannot be controlled because it is the activity of the brain. Thus, modern homosexuals do not use young boys or girls for their sexual pleasures. However, in ancient Greece, it was viewed as a social status advantage, a measure of self control and control over others. The Greco-Roman world allowed same sex relations to be practiced freely in society but, in modern society, homosexuality has not been freely practiced. In the past years, rights groups have campaigned for the rights of homosexual but, most of them are still not free to come out in public, and declare their sexual preferences.Advertising Looking for essay on geography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Greco-Roman males married women so that they can bear an offspring for the continuation of the family lineage. At the same time, the males would be allowed to have a younger male partner whom they shared sexual relations with. In modern society, homosexuals maintain a single relationship: the males do not marry females instead they marry their partners (Verstraite Provencal 87). Homosexuality is not associated with any cultural or social groups in society. The partners are simply attracted to each other, and they both love and protect each other. This is in contrast to ancient Greece where pederasty developed from cultural youth groups. Conclusion Greco-Roman sexual relations and modern sexuality differ in some characteristics and behavior. Modern society borrowed sexuality ideas from the ancient Greeks and Romans, but government laws and religious beliefs define the practice of homosexuality. Factors such as age and human rights affect the practice of sexual activities in the mode rn age. Dover, Kenneth. Greek Homosexuality. New York: Harvard University Press, 1989. Print Foucault, Michel. The History of Sexuality: The Care of the Self. New York: Vintage Books. 1988. Print. Verstraite, Beert, Provencal, Verno. Same Sex Desire Love in Greco-Roman Antiquity and in the Classical Tradition of the West. New York: Harrington Press. 2005 Print